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Cups and plates are made by the process of turning, because they have evenly round shapes.
A workplace for turning or throwing consists of a fulcrum shaft, a profiling tool and plaster moulds as master models
With a profiling tool an assistant moulds a ball of clay into a thin disc. The worker specialised on turning or throwing takes the piece of clay and presses it carefully on the plaster mould which is the master model for the upper surface of the plate. Now the plaster mould is turned by a rotating wheel. The worker shapes the underside of the plate with an iron profiling tool. Overlaying remains are cut off with the knife.
In cup turning, the worker places a piece of clay, big enough for the cup, inside the plaster mould. As the fulcrum shaft rotates, the worker drops the profiling tool into the mould. The clay is pressed on the walls of the mould. The remains at the upper rim are cut off with a piece of wood. The plaster mould represents the outside of the cup. The inside is shaped with a profiling tool. During this process the worker determines the thickness of the cup.
The plaster mould dewaters the clay, allowing the cup to dry. It gets a little bit smaller by shrinkage and can be removed from the plaster mould. Cups and plates are finished.
The workers have to finish about 8-900 cups or 800 plates a day.
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