4. Creamware

Creamware, like hard paste porcelain, was a significant breakthrough in 18th century ceramics. It was developed and popularised in England by makers such as Wedgwood and Greatbatch and became a best seller throughout Europe.

Creamware is made of finely ground clay and flint. Its creamy whiteness made it a fashionable alternative to porcelain. Producers such as Pont-aux-Choux in Paris perfected the technique, making ceramics inspired by silverware.

The plasticity of creamware made it perfect for sculpting subtle relief and a suitable material for industrial production. Creamware eventually overtook tin-glazed earthenware in popularity. It is still manufactured in a small number of European places, including Gien (France) and Stoke-on-Trent (UK).


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5. Bone China

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Creamware Potpourri, Manufacture Pont-aux-Choux, Paris/F, end of 18th century (ADL)